Track 1: Clinical Ophthalmology

Ophthalmology is a medical and surgical specialty that deals with the care of the eyes. Ophthalmologists are experts in the medical treatment, surgery, and microsurgery of eye illnesses and diseases, as well as the diagnosis of systemic disease manifesting in eye signs or symptoms. There are numerous subspecialties within ophthalmology.

Track 2: Optometry & Vision Science

The study of vision impairments, as well as eye and visual pathway diseases, is referred to as ophthalmic vision science. Estimating the pressure in a patient's eye and taking pictures of the eye and its supporting structures to determine the optical intensity of a lens to be embedded in the patient's eye during medical procedures, as well as taking estimations for electro-physiological examinations of the eye and visual pathways are all part of vision science tests and systems.

• Optic and Radiations
• Optical Power of the Eye
• Stereopsis: 3D Vision
• Biophysics of vision
• Contact Lens
• Spectacle Lens
• Optical Power of the Eye
• Optic and Radiations

Track 3: Macular Degeneration

Macular degeneration, often known as "age-related macular degeneration" (AMD or ARMD), is a medical disorder that causes blurred or no vision in the visual field's focus point. There are frequently no indications at an opportune period. A few people experience progressive loss of vision over time, which can affect one or both eyes. While loss of focus vision can not result in total blindness, it can make it difficult to identify faces, drive, read, or conduct other daily activities. Macular degeneration is more likely in people who are older. Hereditary factors and smoking also play a role.

• Biochemistry of Vision
• Photochemistry of Vision
• Photochemistry of Vision
• Metabolism of Cornea
• Blepharitis
• Bacterial Conjunctivitis
• Viral Conjunctivitis
• Dendritic Keratitis
• Dendritic Keratitis
• Photochemistry of Vision

Track 4: Cornea Disorders and Treatments

The eye is made up of incredibly delicate tissues, and each portion of the eye has its own function in maintaining normal vision. The cornea, which covers the iris, pupil, and anterior chamber, is the transparent front section of the eye. The cornea, along with the anterior chamber and lens, refracts light, accounting for around two-thirds of the total optical power of the eye. However, corneal ulceration, epithelial keratitis, drug-induced epithelial keratitis, corneal regeneration, recurrent corneal erosion, and other corneal illnesses can all impact the cornea and lead to external eye disease, which can result in irreversible blindness. As a result, corneal disease is investigated in order to reduce the condition, and methods such as contact lenses and vision correction are utilised to treat vision-related disorders, as well as surgical procedures such as corneal transplantation.

• Focus on Dry Eye and Blepharitis
• Corneal neovascularization
• Epithelial keratitis & drug-induced epithelial keratitis
• Recurrent corneal erosion
• Corneal degeneration

Track 5: Medicine in Ophthalmology

Medical ophthalmologists are doctors who have received training in both general and ophthalmology. They treat medical eye problems, many of which are linked to systemic (whole-body) diseases such diabetes, hypertension, atherosclerosis, inflammation, infection, and cancer. Ocular inflammatory disorders can be the first sign of a larger problem, thus it's critical to look into and treat the entire patient, not just the presenting organ. They are not the same as ophthalmic surgeons, who specialise in the surgical and medical treatment of disorders and injuries of the eye and surrounding areas.

Track 6: Cataract and Refractive Surgery

Refractive surgery is a strategy for correcting or enhancing vision, such as nearsightedness (nearsightedness), farsightedness (hyperopia), astigmatism, or presbyopia. By reshaping the cornea, or clear, circular vault at the front of your eye, numerous surgical ways for adjusting your eye's centering capacity are available. Embedding a focal point into the eye is one of the approaches used. LASIK (laser-assisted situ keratomileusis) is the most common type of refractive surgery, in which a laser is used to reshape the cornea. Certain refractive surgical techniques for myopic people minimise the bend of an extremely steep cornea, lowering the eye's centering power. Pictures that are engaged before the retina as a result of a longer eye or a soak corneal bend are brought closer to or directly onto the retina after surgery.

Track 7: Keratoprosthesis

Keratoprosthesis is a surgical procedure that replaces a diseased cornea with a synthetic cornea. Keratoprosthesis is typically prescribed when a man has had at least one donor corneal transplant fail. More recently, a less conspicuous, non-entering counterfeit cornea has been developed, which can be used in more common cases of corneal visual impairment. Unlike traditional cornea transplants, which use donor tissue, the Keratoprosthesis procedure uses a fake cornea. The operation is used to restore vision in patients who have had their corneas severely damaged due to birth defects, infections, wounds, or toxins. Keratoprosthesis are clear plastic prosthetics with exceptional tissue resistance and optical qualities.

Track 8: Retina and Retinal Detachment

The retina is a part of the central nervous system. The macula, which is designed for the intermingling of the retina, has a dense layer of photoreceptors that provides sharp and focused vision. The retinal problem may compromise the critical tissue macula, affecting vision and, in some cases, causing genuine visual impairment.

Track 9: Glaucoma: Visual Field Loss

We have a foresight that could assist and steer more specific treatment for some glaucoma patients. In the therapy of glaucoma, endothelia play a very important role in the pathophysiology of the disease. The cost to the US government of Social Security benefits, missed wage charge revenues, and medical care consumption is estimated to be over $1.5 billion each year. The Glaucoma Research Society of Canada is the country's largest non-profit organisation dedicated only to funding glaucoma research. It has funded more than two million dollars in support of 150 research endeavours since 1989. The prominent scientists in the field of glaucoma are Bascom Palmer and Wills Eye.

• Open angle and closed angle glaucoma
• Biomarkers for Glaucoma
• Gonioscopy procedure
• Impaired ocular blood flow regulation in open angle glaucoma

Track 10: Neuro-Opththalmology

The fields of neurology and ophthalmology are combined in neuro-ophthalmology. The branch of neuro-ophthalmology considers sensory system disorders that affect pupillary reflexes, vision, and eye development. Visual Neuroscience is concerned with the visual system of the human brain, particularly the visual cortex. The goal is to learn how the visual neural network works and how it affects visual perception and behaviour. It primarily focuses on how the eyes and brain respond to light, how the brain perceives images, and how the mind recreates the world as it is in reality.

• Diplopia
• Visual myasthenia gravis
• Optic neuritis
• Optic neuropathy
• Papilledema
• Idiopathic intracranial hypertension

Track 11: Pediatric Ophthalmology

Pediatric ophthalmology is a branch of ophthalmology that focuses on the illnesses of children's eyes. A paediatric ophthalmologist focuses on the visual system and various eye problems that impair children's eyesight. Pediatric ophthalmologists, who are experts in the field of ophthalmology, assess a variety of eye diseases in children. Pediatric ophthalmologists treat numerous eye diseases in children with great care by employing glasses and medication.

• Retinopathy of Prematurity
• Eye Screening
• Strabismus
• Amblyopia, Exotropia, Esotropia
• Superior Oblique Palsy
• Retinoblastoma
• Thyroid Eye Disease

Track 12: Traditional/ Herbal/ Ayurvedic Medicine in Ophthalmology

The three major body types recognised by Ayurvedic Medicine are Vata, Pitta, and Kapha. These bodily kinds, also known as "Prakriti," are determined by inheritance. Physicians will examine the patient and utilise a technique known as pulse diagnosis to establish the patient's body type, which is frequently a combination, such as Vata/Pitta. After defining body type, the doctor will look for any imbalances and find a way to correct them. Dietary adjustments are frequently used to accomplish this.

• Triphala
• Ginkgo Biloba
• Fennel Seeds & Almonds
• Rose Water
• Palming
• Blinking

Track 13: Latest Research in Ophthalmology and Vision Improvement

Ophthalmology and its sub-specialties have always been on the cutting edge of therapeutic discovery, taking use of rapid improvements in pharmacology, imaging, data management, and gadgets. Despite the fact that many of these innovations have been around for a while, this year saw them gain traction among ophthalmologists and other eye care professionals, with the goal of boosting our patients' personal happiness. Cataract surgery techniques, equipment to improve accuracy, new glaucoma shunts, advances in ocular imaging, implants for macular degeneration, EMR systems for ophthalmology practises, premium IOLs, and the Femtosecond laser for cataract surgery are some of the key technical advances in ophthalmology that have improved vision.

Track 14: Conjunctivitis one of the effects on eyes Due to Covid-19

The conjunctiva, which covers the white area of the eyeball, is irritated or inflamed in conjunctivitis, often known as pink eye. Allergies or a bacterial or viral infection might cause it. Conjunctivitis is very contagious and is spread by contact with sick people's eye fluids.

Redness, itching, and tears of the eyes are some of the symptoms. It can also cause crusting or discharge around the eyes. Doctors estimate that 1% to 3% of persons with COVID-19 will develop conjunctivitis based on current data.

When you have conjunctivitis, you should avoid wearing contact lenses. It usually goes away on its own, although therapy might hasten the healing process. Antihistamines can be used to treat allergic conjunctivitis. Antibiotic eye drops can be used to treat bacterial conjunctivitis.